diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 52bce1a639a..7381324ecf0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ Thumbs.dbi
 *.jar
 *.rar
 *.tar
-*.zip
 
 *.log
 *.sql
diff --git a/ci/vale/dictionary.txt b/ci/vale/dictionary.txt
index 67342db7119..c401d91be9b 100644
--- a/ci/vale/dictionary.txt
+++ b/ci/vale/dictionary.txt
@@ -735,6 +735,7 @@ failsafes
 falko
 fanout
 fastcgi
+fastcgi_pass
 Fastify
 fastmail
 fastopen
@@ -2317,6 +2318,7 @@ serv
 server1
 serverless
 servername
+server_name
 serverpassword
 serverspec
 servlet
diff --git a/docs/guides/akamai/solutions/deploy-rag-powered-chatbot-langchain-akamai-compute-instance/chatbot-short-stories.zip b/docs/guides/akamai/solutions/deploy-rag-powered-chatbot-langchain-akamai-compute-instance/chatbot-short-stories.zip
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a353727f373
Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/guides/akamai/solutions/deploy-rag-powered-chatbot-langchain-akamai-compute-instance/chatbot-short-stories.zip differ
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source/index.md
index 6e22f0069cf..345da56117e 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source/index.md
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 ---
 slug: build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source
-title: 'Build NGINX with PageSpeed From Source'
-description: 'This guide provides you with step-by-step instructions for compiling the Nginx web server from scratch so you can use Google''s PageSpeed moduleon your website.'
+title: "Build NGINX with PageSpeed From Source"
+description: "This guide provides you with step-by-step instructions for compiling the Nginx web server from scratch so you can use Google''s PageSpeed module on your website."
 authors: ["Linode"]
 contributors: ["Linode"]
 published: 2019-02-01
 modified: 2018-02-12
-keywords: ["nginx","pagespeed","optimization"]
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
+keywords: ["nginx", "pagespeed", "optimization"]
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
 aliases: ['/web-servers/nginx/install-nginx-pagespeed-module-on-ubuntu1604/','/web-servers/nginx/nginx-with-pagespeed-on-ubuntu-14-04/','/web-servers/nginx/install-nginx-pagespeed-module-on-ubuntu1804/','/web-servers/nginx/build-nginx-with-pagespeed-from-source/']
 dedicated_cpu_link: true
 tags: ["web server","nginx"]
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/configuring-load-balancer-sticky-session/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/configuring-load-balancer-sticky-session/index.md
index 94ebc8f4935..e98b836a02f 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/configuring-load-balancer-sticky-session/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/configuring-load-balancer-sticky-session/index.md
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ og_description: "When a web application needs to maintain state from one request
 authors: ["Martin Heller"]
 contributors: ["Martin Heller"]
 published: 2021-02-23
-keywords: [‘loadbalancer sticky session']
+keywords: ['loadbalancer sticky session']
 tags: ['nginx','networking']
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
 ---
 
 ## What is Load Balancing and Why is it Necessary?
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/getting-started-with-nginx-part-2-advanced-configuration/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/getting-started-with-nginx-part-2-advanced-configuration/index.md
index b5fe5abc417..403301963f4 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/getting-started-with-nginx-part-2-advanced-configuration/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/getting-started-with-nginx-part-2-advanced-configuration/index.md
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ contributors: ["Linode"]
 published: 2018-02-09
 modified: 2021-12-29
 keywords: ["nginx", "web server", "nginx configuration", "multiple sites", "configure caching"]
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
 aliases: ['/web-servers/nginx/configure-nginx-for-optimized-performance/','/web-servers/nginx/slightly-more-advanced-configurations-for-nginx/','/websites/nginx/configure-nginx-for-optimized-performance/', '/guides/slightly-more-advanced-configurations-for-nginx/']
 tags: ["web server","nginx"]
-image: Getting-Started-with-NGINX-Part-2-smg.jpg
+image: "Getting-Started-with-NGINX-Part-2-smg.jpg"
 ---
 
 ![Getting Started with NGINX - Part 2](Getting-Started-with-NGINX-Part-2-smg.jpg)
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-http-2-on-nginx/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-http-2-on-nginx/index.md
index e7c9d7cde50..327c225fcc2 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-http-2-on-nginx/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-configure-http-2-on-nginx/index.md
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ contributors: ["Jeff Novotny"]
 published: 2021-07-16
 keywords: ['nginx http2']
 tags: ['web server', 'nginx']
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
-image: HowtoConfigureHTTP-2onNGINX.jpg
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
+image: "HowtoConfigureHTTP-2onNGINX.jpg"
 ---
 
 [*HTTP/2*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP/2) updates the original *Hypertext Transfer Protocol* (HTTP) specification to offer improvements in efficiency and latency. The new version includes several other new features while maintaining compatibility with older browsers. Due to the clear advantages of HTTP/2, web servers should be upgraded to use the new version. This guide explains how to configure, use, and test HTTP/2 with an [*NGINX*](https://www.nginx.com/) server. For a deep-dive into the HTTP/2 protocol see our [An Introduction to HTTP/2](/docs/guides/introducing-http-2/) guide.
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-install-and-use-nginx-on-ubuntu-20-04/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-install-and-use-nginx-on-ubuntu-20-04/index.md
index 2adc9dcf94c..a2dd6b8de5b 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-install-and-use-nginx-on-ubuntu-20-04/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/how-to-install-and-use-nginx-on-ubuntu-20-04/index.md
@@ -6,16 +6,14 @@ description: "Learn the basics of installing and configuring NGINX on your Ubunt
 authors: ["Nathaniel Stickman"]
 contributors: ["Nathaniel Stickman"]
 published: 2021-07-09
-keywords: ['nginx','web server']
+keywords: ['nginx', 'web server']
 tags: ['ubuntu', 'nginx', 'web server']
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
 external_resources:
 - '[NGINX Documentation](https://nginx.org/en/docs/)'
 relations:
-    platform:
-        key: how-to-install-nginx
-        keywords:
-            - distribution: Ubuntu 20.04
+  platform:
+    key: how-to-install-nginx
 aliases: ['/web-servers/nginx/installation/ubuntu-10.04-lucid/','/web-servers/nginx/installation/ubuntu-12.04-precise-pangolin/']
 ---
 
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/php-fpm-nginx/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/php-fpm-nginx/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9936f6a836a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/php-fpm-nginx/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+---
+slug: php-fpm-nginx
+title: "Modern PHP-FPM and NGINX Configuration"
+description: "Install and configure PHP-FPM and NGINX using current upstream best practices and Akamai-specific considerations."
+authors: ['Akamai']
+contributors: ['Akamai']
+published: 2026-02-20
+keywords: ['php', 'php-fpm', 'fpm', 'nginx', 'web servers', 'linux']
+tags: ['web-servers', 'nginx', 'php', 'serve', 'fpm']
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
+external_resources:
+- "[PHP-FPM documentation](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php)"
+- "[NGINX](https://nginx.org/en/docs/)"
+---
+
+PHP FastCGI Process Manager (PHP-FPM) runs PHP processes independently of the web server, enabling process isolation, independent scaling, and better resource management than mod_php or CGI implementations.
+
+This guide shows how to deploy PHP-FPM with NGINX on Akamai cloud compute, including installation, FastCGI proxy configuration, PHP-FPM pool setup, and security hardening for Akamai infrastructure.
+
+For full configuration options, see the official [PHP-FPM](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php) and [NGINX](https://nginx.org/en/docs/) documentation.
+
+## Before You Begin
+
+Complete these prerequisites before installing PHP-FPM and NGINX.
+
+Create and configure your instance using Akamai's [Creating a Compute Instance](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/create-a-compute-instance) and [Set Up and Secure a Compute Instance](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/set-up-and-secure-a-compute-instance) guides.
+
+For OS-level documentation, see the [Ubuntu Server](https://ubuntu.com/server/docs) documentation.
+
+### Prerequisites:
+
+- A compute instance running Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
+- SSH access to the instance with a non-root user account
+- Sudo privileges for package installation and service management
+- Cloud Manager access to configure firewall rules
+- Basic familiarity with Linux package management (apt)
+
+## Akamai-Specific Considerations
+
+Configure platform-specific settings for your PHP-FPM deployment including firewall rules, instance sizing, and optional storage or load balancing.
+
+### Cloud Firewall Configuration
+
+Configure Cloud Firewall rules to allow web traffic to your instance.
+
+1. Navigate to Cloud Manager and select Firewalls from the sidebar.
+2. Create a new firewall or modify an existing one.
+3. Add inbound rules for HTTP and HTTPS traffic:
+
+  - HTTP: Protocol: TCP, Port: 80, Source: All IPv4 / All IPv6
+  - HTTPS: Protocol: TCP, Port: 443, Source: All IPv4 / All IPv6
+4. Apply the firewall to your compute instance.
+
+For detailed firewall configuration, see [Getting Started with Cloud Firewalls](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/getting-started-with-cloud-firewalls).
+
+### Instance Sizing
+
+PHP-FPM memory requirements scale with concurrent connections. Select an instance plan based on expected traffic.
+
+#### Development/Testing:
+
+- Shared CPU (1-2 GB RAM) for low-traffic sites or development environments.
+
+#### Production - Low to Medium Traffic:
+
+- Shared CPU (4-8 GB RAM) for small to medium production sites.
+- Supports 50-200 concurrent PHP-FPM processes depending on application complexity.
+
+#### Production - High Traffic:
+
+Dedicated CPU (8+ GB RAM) for high-traffic applications requiring sustained CPU performance
+Eliminates resource contention for consistent PHP execution times
+
+Monitor CPU and memory usage through Cloud Manager after deployment and resize as needed.
+
+### Optional: Block Storage
+
+Consider attaching Block Storage volumes for user-uploaded content, application file storage exceeding local disk capacity, or separation of application data from system storage. Block Storage volumes are portable between instances and can be resized independently. See [Block Storage](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/block-storage) documentation for setup instructions.
+
+### Optional: Load Balancer Configuration
+
+For high-availability deployments, use NodeBalancers to distribute traffic across multiple PHP-FPM instances. Configure health checks on port 80 or 443, set session persistence if application requires sticky sessions, and ensure backend nodes run identical PHP-FPM and NGINX configurations. NodeBalancer setup is beyond the scope of this guide. See [Getting Started with NodeBalancers](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/getting-started-with-nodebalancers).
+
+## Install PHP-FPM
+
+Install PHP-FPM and NGINX packages using the Ubuntu package manager. For comprehensive PHP installation options and configuration reference, see the official [PHP-FPM](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php) documentation.
+
+Install the required packages:
+```command
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install nginx php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+Verify both services are installed and running:
+```command
+sudo systemctl status nginx
+sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+### Common PHP Extensions
+
+Install additional PHP extensions based on application requirements:
+```command
+sudo apt install php8.1-mysql php8.1-xml php8.1-mbstring php8.1-curl php8.1-gd
+```
+
+**Common extensions**:
+
+- php8.1-mysql: MySQL/MariaDB database connectivity
+- php8.1-xml: XML parsing and manipulation
+- php8.1-mbstring: Multibyte string handling
+- php8.1-curl: HTTP client functionality
+- php8.1-gd: Image processing
+
+Install only the extensions your application requires. Restart PHP-FPM after installing extensions:
+
+```command
+sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+## Configure NGINX for PHP-FPM
+
+NGINX communicates with PHP-FPM through the FastCGI protocol, passing PHP requests to the PHP-FPM process manager for execution. NGINX was installed in the previous section alongside PHP-FPM. For comprehensive NGINX configuration options, see the official [NGINX](https://nginx.org/en/docs/) documentation.
+
+### FastCGI Communication
+
+NGINX forwards PHP requests to PHP-FPM via a Unix socket or TCP connection. The Unix socket method provides better performance for local communication between NGINX and PHP-FPM on the same instance.
+
+Verify the PHP-FPM socket location:
+
+```command
+ls -la /run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock
+```
+
+The socket path must match the `fastcgi_pass` directive in the NGINX server block configuration.
+
+### Server Block Configuration
+
+Create an NGINX server block to handle PHP requests. This example assumes a site served from `/var/www/example.com`.
+
+Next, create the server block configuration file:
+
+```command
+sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
+```
+
+Add the following configuration:
+```nginx
+server {
+    listen 80;
+    listen [::]:80;
+    server_name example.com www.example.com;
+    root /var/www/example.com;
+    index index.php index.html;
+
+    location / {
+        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
+    }
+
+    location ~ \.php$ {
+        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
+    }
+}
+```
+Key directives:
+
+- listen: Defines ports for IPv4 and IPv6
+- server_name: Domain names for this server block
+- root: Document root directory
+- fastcgi_pass: Socket path for PHP-FPM communication
+- include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf: Standard FastCGI parameters
+
+Enable the server block and test the configuration:
+
+```command
+sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
+sudo nginx -t
+```
+
+Reload NGINX to apply changes:
+
+```command
+sudo systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+### Configure PHP-FPM
+
+PHP-FPM uses pool configuration files to define how the process manager handles requests. The default pool configuration is located at `/etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf`. For comprehensive configuration options and tuning guidance, see the official PHP-FPM configuration documentation.
+
+### Verify Socket Configuration
+
+Confirm the PHP-FPM socket path matches the NGINX server block configuration.
+
+Open the pool configuration file:
+
+```command
+sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
+```
+Locate the `listen` directive:
+
+```file
+listen = /run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock
+```
+
+This socket path must match the `fastcgi_pass` directive in your NGINX server block. The default configuration is correct for most deployments.
+
+### Process Manager Configuration
+
+PHP-FPM's process manager controls how worker processes are spawned and managed. The `pm` directive defines the process management strategy.
+
+Key process manager directives in `/etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf`:
+
+```file
+pm = dynamic
+pm.max_children = 5
+pm.start_servers = 2
+pm.min_spare_servers = 1
+pm.max_spare_servers = 3
+```
+
+**Process manager settings:**
+
+- **pm = dynamic**: Spawns child processes based on demand
+- **pm.max_children**: Maximum concurrent PHP-FPM processes
+- **pm.start_servers**: Processes created at startup
+- **pm.min_spare_servers**: Minimum idle processes
+- **pm.max_spare_servers**: Maximum idle processes
+
+### Performance Tuning Considerations
+
+Adjust `pm.max_children` based on available memory and expected traffic. Each PHP-FPM process typically consumes 20-50 MB of RAM depending on application complexity.
+
+**Memory calculation:**
+```
+pm.max_children = (Available RAM - System RAM) / Average Process Memory
+```
+
+For a 4 GB instance with 1 GB reserved for system processes and 30 MB per PHP process:
+```
+pm.max_children = (4096 MB - 1024 MB) / 30 MB ≈ 100
+```
+Monitor actual memory usage after deployment and adjust accordingly. Exceeding available memory causes swapping and degrades performance.
+
+Restart PHP-FPM to apply configuration changes:
+```command
+sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+### Test the Deployment
+
+Verify PHP-FPM and NGINX are correctly configured by creating a test PHP file and accessing it through a web browser.
+
+### Create Test File
+
+Create a PHP info file in your document root:
+```command
+sudo nano /var/www/example.com/info.php
+```
+
+Add the following content:
+```file
+<?php
+phpinfo();
+?>
+```
+
+Set appropriate permissions:
+
+```command
+sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com/info.php
+```
+
+### Verify PHP Execution
+
+Access the test file through your web browser using your server's IP address or domain name:
+```
+http://example.com/info.php
+```
+
+A page displaying PHP configuration information confirms PHP-FPM is processing requests correctly. The page shows the PHP version, loaded extensions, and configuration directives.
+
+Verify the Server API line shows `FPM/FastCGI`, confirming NGINX is communicating with PHP-FPM rather than using an alternative PHP handler.
+
+### Remove Test File
+
+Delete the info file after verification to prevent exposing system configuration:
+
+```command
+sudo rm /var/www/example.com/info.php
+```
+
+The `phpinfo()` function displays sensitive server information including file paths, loaded modules, and environment variables. Remove this file immediately after testing.
+
+## Basic Security Hardening
+
+Apply foundational security measures to protect your PHP-FPM deployment. These settings address common vulnerabilities without requiring application-specific configuration.
+
+### Disable Dangerous PHP Functions
+
+Restrict PHP functions that can execute system commands or access the filesystem in ways that pose security risks.
+
+Edit the PHP configuration file:
+
+```command
+sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini
+```
+Locate the `disable_functions` directive and add potentially dangerous functions:
+
+```file
+disable_functions = exec,passthru,shell_exec,system,proc_open,popen,curl_exec,curl_multi_exec,parse_ini_file,show_source
+```
+
+Restart PHP-FPM to apply changes:
+
+```command
+sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
+```
+Test your application after disabling functions to ensure required functionality remains intact. Some applications legitimately require these functions.
+
+### Configure File Permissions
+
+Set appropriate ownership and permissions for web files to prevent unauthorized modification.
+
+Set ownership to the web server user:
+
+```command
+sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com
+```
+Set directory permissions:
+```command
+sudo find /var/www/example.com -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
+```
+Set file permissions:
+```command
+sudo find /var/www/example.com -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
+```
+
+Files should be readable by the web server but writable only by the owner. Directories require execute permissions for traversal.
+
+### Enable HTTPS
+
+Configure TLS/SSL certificates to encrypt traffic between clients and your server. HTTPS prevents credential interception and protects session data.
+
+For TLS/SSL certificate configuration on Akamai cloud compute, see [Use Certbot to Enable HTTPS with NGINX on Ubuntu](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/enabling-https-using-certbot-with-nginx-on-ubuntu/).
+
+### Remove Default Content
+
+Delete default NGINX welcome pages and example files to reduce information disclosure:
+
+```command
+sudo rm /var/www/html/index.nginx-debian.html
+```
+
+Remove or disable the default NGINX server block if not in use:
+
+```command
+sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
+```
+Reload NGINX after removing default content:
+
+```command
+sudo systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+### Production Environment Considerations
+
+Disable PHP error display in production to prevent exposing system information through error messages.
+
+Edit the PHP configuration file:
+
+```command
+sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini
+```
+Set the following directives:
+
+```file
+display_errors = Off
+log_errors = On
+error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log
+```
+
+Errors are logged to `/var/log/php-fpm/error.log` for debugging without exposing details to users. Restart PHP-FPM after making changes.
+
+Never deploy `phpinfo()` or similar diagnostic scripts to production environments. These scripts expose configuration details including file paths, loaded modules, and environment variables.
+
+## Logging and Monitoring
+
+Monitor NGINX and PHP-FPM through log files and system metrics to identify errors, performance issues, and security events.
+
+### NGINX Logs
+
+NGINX stores access and error logs in `/var/log/nginx/` by default.
+
+**Log locations**:
+
+- Access log: /var/log/nginx/access.log - Records all requests
+- Error log: /var/log/nginx/error.log - Records server errors and warnings
+
+View recent NGINX errors:
+
+```command
+sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
+```
+
+Configure custom log locations in server block configurations using the `access_log` and `error_log` directives.
+
+### PHP-FPM Logs
+
+PHP-FPM logs process manager events and PHP errors separately from NGINX.
+
+**Log locations**:
+
+- PHP-FPM process log: `/var/log/php8.1-fpm.log` - Pool manager events
+- PHP error log: Configured in php.ini via the `error_log` directive
+
+View PHP-FPM process events:
+
+```command
+sudo tail -f /var/log/php8.1-fpm.log
+```
+
+PHP application errors are written to the file defined by the `error_log` directive in `/etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini`.
+
+### Performance Monitoring
+
+Monitor CPU, memory, and network usage through [Cloud Manager's built-in metrics dashboard](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/monitor-and-maintain-a-compute-instance). Track PHP-FPM process counts and memory consumption to identify resource constraints.
+
+Key metrics to monitor:
+
+- **CPU usage**: Sustained high CPU indicates insufficient instance sizing or inefficient code
+- **Memory usage**: Approaching total RAM triggers swapping and performance degradation
+- **PHP-FPM process count**: Reaching `pm.max_children` indicates configuration adjustments needed
+
+For advanced monitoring, integrate with external observability platforms. See the [NGINX](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_stub_status_module.html) monitoring documentation for enabling the stub status module.
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+If your PHP-FPM and NGINX configuration isn't working as expected, use the following steps to diagnose and resolve common issues. PHP, PHP-FPM, and NGINX each log different types of errors, so identifying which component is failing helps you choose the right log and to interpret the issue correctly.
+
+1. Check the NGINX Error Log
+
+NGINX logs routing, FastCGI, and upstream connection issues. Common symptoms include:
+- 502 Bad Gateway → NGINX cannot reach PHP FPM
+- 403 or 404 errors → incorrect root path or permissions
+- PHP file downloads instead of executing → PHP module not loaded
+
+View the log:
+```command
+sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
+```
+
+2. Check the PHP FPM Service Log
+
+PHP FPM logs process level issues such as pool misconfiguration, socket failures, crashes, or resource exhaustion.
+```command
+sudo tail -f /var/log/php8.1-fpm.log
+```
+Restart PHP FPM if needed:
+```command
+sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+3. Check PHP Application Errors
+
+PHP application level errors (syntax errors, fatal errors, exceptions) are written to the file defined by the `error_log` directive in:
+```command
+/etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini
+```
+
+Some frameworks override this setting. If the file is empty, check your application’s log directory or the NGINX error log.
+
+4. Verify the PHP FPM Socket or Port
+
+If NGINX cannot reach PHP FPM, you may see:
+
+- 502 Bad Gateway
+- Connection refused
+- No such file or directory
+
+Confirm the socket exists:
+```command
+ls -l /run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock
+```
+
+If your configuration uses TCP instead of a socket:
+```command
+fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
+```
+
+Ensure PHP FPM is listening on that address.
+
+5. Check File and Directory Permissions
+
+Incorrect ownership or permissions can prevent PHP FPM from reading or executing files. A safe baseline for most deployments:
+```command
+sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com
+sudo find /var/www/example.com -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
+sudo find /var/www/example.com -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
+```
+
+AppArmor Restrictions (Ubuntu Only)
+
+If you’re using custom directories or non standard paths, AppArmor may block PHP FPM from reading files even when permissions are correct. Check for denials:
+```command
+sudo journalctl -xe | grep DENIED
+```
+
+If AppArmor is the cause, update the PHP FPM AppArmor profile or place your files in approved locations.
+
+6. Reload or Restart Services
+
+After making configuration changes:
+```command
+sudo systemctl reload nginx
+sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
+```
+
+Reloading NGINX applies configuration changes without dropping active connections.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+Expand your PHP-FPM deployment with database connectivity, advanced performance tuning, and high-availability configurations.
+
+### Database Integration
+
+Connect your PHP application to a database server:
+
+- [MySQL on Ubuntu 22.04](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/install-and-configure-mysql-on-ubuntu-22-04/) - Install and configure MySQL for PHP applications
+- [PostgreSQL on Ubuntu 22.04](https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/ubuntu/) - Deploy PostgreSQL database server
+- [Akamai Managed Databases](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/aiven-database-clusters) - Fully managed database clusters
+
+### Performance Optimization
+
+Advanced tuning for production workloads:
+
+- [NGINX Performance Tuning: Tips and Tricks](https://blog.nginx.org/blog/performance-tuning-tips-tricks) - Worker processes, connection limits, and buffer sizing
+- [PHP-FPM Performance](https://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.configuration.php) - Process manager optimization and OPcache configuration
+- [PHP OPcache Configuration](https://www.php.net/manual/en/opcache.configuration.php) - Bytecode caching for improved performance
+
+### Security Hardening
+
+Additional security measures beyond basic hardening:
+
+- [PHP Security Best Practices](https://www.php.net/manual/en/security.php) - Official PHP security guidance
+- [NGINX Security Configuration](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html) - TLS/SSL configuration and security headers
+
+### High Availability
+
+Scale your deployment across multiple instances:
+
+- [Getting Started with NodeBalancers](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/getting-started-with-nodebalancers) - Load balancing for PHP-FPM instances
+- [Cloud Firewall Advanced Configuration](https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/manage-firewall-rules) - Security rules for multi-instance deployments
+
diff --git a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/serve-php-php-fpm-and-nginx/index.md b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/serve-php-php-fpm-and-nginx/index.md
index 10d4328c9a9..e4e8c5d131f 100644
--- a/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/serve-php-php-fpm-and-nginx/index.md
+++ b/docs/guides/web-servers/nginx/serve-php-php-fpm-and-nginx/index.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ published: 2018-02-19
 modified: 2021-12-29
 keywords: ["php", "php-fpm", "fastcgi"]
 tags: ["web server","ubuntu","php","nginx"]
-license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)'
+license: "[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)"
 aliases: ['/web-servers/nginx/serve-php-php-fpm-and-nginx/','/websites/nginx/install-and-configure-nginx-and-php-fastcgi-on-ubuntu-16-04/','/web-servers/nginx/install-and-configure-nginx-and-php-fastcgi-on-ubuntu-16-04/','/web-servers/nginx/nginx-phpfastcgi-ubuntu-14-04/','/web-servers/nginx/php-fastcgi/ubuntu-12-04-precise-pangolin/']
 image: serve-php-with-phpfpm-and-nginx-smp.jpg
 external_resources: