Traits for bounds checking

[Tokazama]

Replace PR #321

This is based predominantly on the work by @timholy in JuliaLang/julia#42029. The plan is to work this into ArrayInterface.jl in another PR, replacing some of #291 and taking advantage of the recent function-index where we know everything is inbounds.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 8 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 77.67%. Comparing base (425e4b3) to head (ca7ba96).
⚠️ Report is 214 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/ArrayInterface.jl	0.00%	8 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #383       +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage   67.42%   77.67%   +10.24%     
===========================================
  Files           7        7               
  Lines         525      533        +8     
===========================================
+ Hits          354      414       +60     
+ Misses        171      119       -52     

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[ChrisRackauckas]

Add a docs section on this?

[Tokazama]

I added the doc strings to "index.md" but I should mention there's still not a formal pipeline in place for using these traits yet.

[ChrisRackauckas]

rebase this?