Add all AlphaEvolve mathematical problems

[HenriqueAssumpcao]

This PR implements all of the mathematical problems from Appendices A and B of the AlphaEvolve paper. One of the problems (the circle packing on a unit square) was amongst the first to be implemented in OpenEvolve. This PR implements the remaining 13 problems from the aforementioned appendices.

Four months ago I started working on my own implementation of AlphaEvolve, named CodeEvolve, and throughout this time I've implemented the aforementioned problems with some colleagues. We published our experimental results as a technical report on arXiv, and also as an open source repo. I started this project mainly as a personal challenge, but also as a way of implementing some features that I thought could work well for the mathematical problems proposed in the AlphaEvolve paper. Our approach is quite different from OpenEvolve, so I invite anyone interested to take a look at the links above. The hard work from the many talented people from the OpenEvolve community inspired me to start this project, and I'm deeply thankful for this motivation.

There are a few comments I would like to make about the problems implemented in this PR:

1. It would be really interesting to see how OpenEvolve performs on these problems. CodeEvolve managed to surpass AlphaEvolve on 4 of the 13 benchmarks, so it would be nice to see if OpenEvolve can too so we can better understand the impact of the different components of these approaches.
2. The implementations of problems A, B.1,B.3-B.6. from AlphaEvolve's appendices can be improved. My current implementation is a bit overly restrictive with the initial solution, so changing that might increase the odds of surpassing AlphaEvolve.
3. The evaluator.py files for the problems could be further improved to make better use of MAP-Elites.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.